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Sponji

Porifera (k.m. Amphimedon queenslandica)

Mnyama asiye na niuroni wala sinapsi ambaye bado hujikunja mwili mzima kwa njia iliyoratibiwa.

Niuroni: 0 imepimwa · hakuna niuroni wala sinapsi
Leys SP (2015) Elements of a 'nervous system' in sponges. J Exp Biol 218(4):581-591. doi:10.1242/jeb.110817.

Ushahidi

Sponji hawana niuroni wala sinapsi, lakini huratibu mikazo ya mwili mzima (kwa mfano, “kupiga chafya”) kwa ishara zisizo za niuroni.
Leys SP (2015) Elements of a 'nervous system' in sponges. J Exp Biol 218(4):581-591. doi:10.1242/jeb.110817.