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Ma’aunan iya ji ga dabbobi
A 2021 ƙungiyar da Jonathan Birch ya jagoranta ta bitar shaidar cewa dorinar ruwa, kaguwa da dabbobi makamantansu suna da iya ji, ta amfani da ma’auni takwas. Rahoton ya sa Birtaniya ta amince da su a matsayin masu iya ji a doka.
- Dabbar tana da masu karɓa masu jin abubuwa masu cutarwa (nociceptors)
- Dabbar tana da yankunan kwakwalwa masu haɗawa da za su iya haɗa bayani daga tushen ji dabam-dabam
- Dabbar tana da hanyoyin jijiyoyi da ke haɗa nociceptors da yankunan kwakwalwa masu haɗawa
- Martanin halin dabbar ga abu mai cutarwa yana canzawa da sinadarai da suke shafar tsarin jijiyoyi (misali magungunan rage zafi na gida, analgesics, tsarin irin opioid)
- Dabbar tana nuna musayar dalili, inda ake auna rashin ƙimar abu mai cutarwa ko barazana da ƙimar damar samun lada, wanda ke kaiwa ga yanke shawara mai sassauci
- Dabbar tana nuna halin kare kai mai sassauci (misali kula da rauni, tsaro, gyaran jiki, shafawa) irin wanda zai iya haɗawa da wakilta wurin da rauni ko abu mai cutarwa yake a jiki
- Dabbar tana nuna koyon haɗa abubuwa inda abubuwa masu cutarwa suke haɗuwa da abubuwa marasa tasiri, da/ko ana koyon sababbin hanyoyin guje wa abubuwa masu cutarwa ta ƙarfafawa (saba da ƙaruwar hankali ba sa ƙidayuwa)
- Dabbar tana nuna cewa tana daraja maganin rage zafi ko na sa barci da ake zato idan ta ji rauni (misali tana shan shi da kanta, ko tana koyon fifita wurin da yake akwai)
Yadda bita ta auna shaida
- 2: wasu shaidu
- 7-8 criteria at high/very high: shaida mai ƙarfi sosai
- 5-6: shaida mai ƙarfi
- 3-4: isasshiyar shaida
- 0-1: iya ji ba a sani ba ko ba mai yiwuwa ba
Abin da ta gano
Shaida mai ƙarfi sosai ta iya ji a octopods. Isasshiyar shaida a sauran coleoids (babban tabbaci ga ma’auni 1, 2, 3 da 7). Shaida mai ƙarfi a kaguwa na gaske (babba ko babba sosai ga 1, 2, 4, 6 da 7). Isasshiyar shaida a anomuran crabs (babba ga 1, 2 da 6, matsakaici ga 5) da astacid lobsters da crayfish (babba ko babba sosai ga 1, 2 da 4). Ƙarancin tabbaci yana nufin shaida ba ta isa ba, ba cewa halin ba ya wanzuwa ba. Babu ƙungiyar da take da babban tabbaci na faɗuwa a ma’auni.
| Rukuni | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Octopods | VH | VH | H | H | M | VH | VH | H |
| Cuttlefish | H | VH | H | L | M | M | VH | L |
| Other coleoids (squid) | H | VH | H | L | M | L | H | L |
| Nautiloids | H | L | L | L | L | L | M | VL |
| True crabs (Brachyura) | H | VH | L | VH | L | VH | H | VL |
| Anomuran crabs | H | VH | L | L | M | H | L | VL |
| Astacid lobsters/crayfish | H | VH | L | VH | L | L | M | VL |
| Spiny lobsters | H | VH | L | L | L | L | M | VL |
| Caridean shrimps | H | VH | L | M | L | M | L | VL |
| Penaeid shrimps | H | L | L | M | L | L | L | VL |
VH very high, H high, M medium, L low, VL very low.
Abin da ya canja
Dokar Jin Daɗin Dabbobi (Sentience) ta Birtaniya ta 2022 (Royal Assent 28 April 2022) ta amince dabbobi suna iya ji kuma ta kafa Kwamitin Jin Daɗin Dabbobi. Kwamitin yana ba da rahoto ko manufofin gwamnati suna kula da jin daɗin dabbobi yadda ya kamata. Bayan rahoton Birch, Lords sun gyara Dokar ta yadda “dabba” ta ƙunshi decapod crustaceans da cephalopod molluscs da masu ƙashin baya. Wannan ya rufe dukan cephalopods da decapods, ba octopods da kaguwa na gaske kaɗai ba. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/22
Birch J, Burn C, Schnell A, Browning H, Crump A (2021). Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans. LSE Consulting, 19 Nov 2021. https://www.lse.ac.uk/business/consulting/assets/documents/Sentience-in-Cephalopod-Molluscs-and-Decapod-Crustaceans-Final-Report-November-2021.pdf (an karanta kai tsaye)