Birane, kayayyakin more rayuwa da ayyuka
Zirga-zirga, layuka, sarkar kaya, ruwa, wuta da muhallin da aka gina.
Binciken ayyuka ya girma daga matsalar motsa mutane, kayayyaki da albarkatu yadda ya kamata, kuma kwaikwayo shi ne babban kayan aikinsa. Waɗannan wasu daga cikin kwaikwayon da aka fi gudanarwa a masana’antu da gwamnati, ko da yake da wuya a gan su.
Kwararar zirga-zirga
Motoci a matsayin direbobi ɗaya-ɗaya, a matsayin ɗakuna a hanya da suke motsawa ta ƙa’idodi, ko a matsayin ruwa da yake kwarara ta hanyar sadarwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Me ya sa cunkoso ke tashi ba tare da dalili bayyananne ba, kuma wannan mahaɗa zai rage cunkoson?
Yana barin: Ɗabi’un direbobi ɗaya-ɗaya suna daidaitawa; tasirin direba ɗaya mara tsari yana ɓacewa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ko ƙaramin gungun kwamfutoci na hukumar zirga-zirgar birniTun: 1955 Ka’idar ruwa ta Lighthill da Whitham ta zirga-zirga
Sufuri da amfani da ƙasa
Inda mutane ke zama, aiki da siyayya, da yadda suke tafiya tsakaninsu, cikin shekaru zuwa shekaru da dama.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Idan muka gina wannan layin jirgin ƙasa, yaya birnin zai canza a kewayensa?
Yana barin: Canjin zamantakewa na shekaru goma-goma yana da wuyar hasashe daga tsarin tarihi kaɗai.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1014 FLOPS kimanta kawai gungun sabobi na hukumar tsara birniTun: 1964 Samfurin Ira Lowry na amfani da ƙasa da sufuri a babban birni
Girman birni
Birane suna bazuwa a ƙasa, ɗaki bayan ɗaki.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ina wannan birni zai girma cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa?
Yana barin: Ɗakuna suna girma ta ƙa’idodi kafaffu; ainihin siyasa da mallakar ƙasa sun fi wuyar shigarwa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta sashen tsare-tsare, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1979 Samfuran ƙwayoyi na canjin yanki na Waldo Tobler
Ficewa da martanin gaggawa
Mutane suna barin gine-gine, filayen wasa ko yankuna, kuma masu ba da agaji suna tafiya akasin haka.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Har yaushe ake ɗauka don ficewa daga ginin, kuma ina mutane ke makalewa?
Yana barin: An sauƙaƙa firgici da dannewar jama’a; ainihin ficewa sun fi sarƙaƙiya.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ko ƙaramin gungun kwamfutoci, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1995 Dirk Helbing's social force model of pedestrian crowds
Kwaikwayon hanyar sadarwar sufuri ta jama’a
Bas da jiragen ƙasa suna gudu bisa jadawali, fasinjoji suna zaɓar hanyoyi suna canza tsakaninsu.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Idan muka canza wannan jadawalin ko hanyar, nawa lokaci fasinjoji za su ceta?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka fasinjoji sun san kuma suna bin hanya mafi kyau, alhali da yawa suna bin wadda suka fi sani.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar hukumar sufuri, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1970 Zuwa 1970, samfuran kwamfuta na farko na jadawalin bas da jirgin ƙasa
Kwaikwayon kiran tasi da tura su
Rundunar motoci da ake haɗa su da buƙatun fasinjoji yayin da suke zuwa, direbobi suna sauya matsayinsu tsakanin tafiye-tafiye.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ababen hawa nawa muke buƙata, kuma har yaushe fasinjoji za su jira?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka direbobi suna bin shawarwarin tsarin aikawa, wanda ainihin direbobi ba kullum suke yi ba.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar gajimare ta kamfani, mintuna a kowane yanayin birniTun: 2000 Zuwa 2000, nazarin kwaikwayo na farko na aikawa da motoci mai canzawa
Kwaikwayon shigar fasinjoji jirgin sama
Fasinjoji suna tafiya suna ajiye jakunkuna a kunkuntar hanya, ana kwaikwayon su a ƙarƙashin tsare-tsaren shiga daban-daban don gano hanya mafi sauri ta cika jirgin.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Wane tsarin hawa ne ke cika jirgin sama da sauri?
Yana barin: Ainihin fasinjoji suna watsi da umarni kuma suna tafiya a ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke karya tsare-tsare na kamala.
Yana gudana a: kusan 106 FLOPS kimanta kawai dubban gudanarwar shiga, kowanne daƙiƙa.Tun: 2002 Binciken Van Landeghem da Beuselinck bisa kwaikwayo na rage lokacin hawan fasinja a jirgin sama. tushe
Kwaikwayon ɓangaren filin jirgi na jirage
Jirage suna tafiya a ƙasa, suna jira a titin tashi suna tsayawa a ƙofofi, da ƙa’idojin masu kula da zirga-zirga da yanayi, don auna zirga-zirgar da filin jirgi zai iya ɗauka.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Jirage nawa a kowace awa wannan filin jirgin sama zai iya ɗauka kafin jinkiri ya fashe?
Yana barin: An rage shawarar masu sarrafawa da matuƙa zuwa ƙa’idodi, kuma jinkiri a sauran filayen jirgi yana yaɗuwa ta hanyoyin da samfurin ya bari.
Yana gudana a: kusan 108 FLOPS kimanta kawai mintuna zuwa sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki.Tun: 1981 A flexible simulation model of airport airside operations, Transportation Research Part A. tushe
Kwaikwayon zirga-zirgar lifta
Fasinjoji suna isowa bazuwar a benaye, tare da lokutan cunkoso na safe, rana da yamma, kuma motocin lif suna tsayawa kuma ana tura su da ƙa’idar sarrafawa, don tantance girman lif na gini.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Lif nawa da wace ƙa’idar aikawa ke rage jiran jama’a da safe mai cunkoso?
Yana barin: Isowar fasinjoji tana bin tsare-tsaren da aka auna ko aka ɗauka, kuma sauyin yadda masu haya ke amfani da ginin yana karya su.
Yana gudana a: kusan 106 FLOPS kimanta kawai daƙiƙu zuwa mintuna a kan laptop.Tun: 1993 Siikonen’s elevator traffic simulation, in the journal Simulation. tushe
Kwaikwayon saurin lokaci na sararin samaniya
Jirage suna motsawa ta sassa da wuraren hanya a sama da aka kwaikwaya, da sauri fiye da lokacin gaske, don gwada hanyoyi, ƙirar sashi da ƙa’idodin masu kula da zirga-zirga.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Nawa ƙarin zirga-zirga sabon tsarin sashe ko hanya zai iya ɗauka lafiya?
Yana barin: An wakilci nauyin aiki da hukuncin masu sarrafawa da ƙa’idodi masu sauƙi, don haka ainihin iyakar yanki mai aiki na iya zama ƙasa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 109 FLOPS kimanta kawai mintuna zuwa sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki ga kowace rana ta zirga-zirga.Tun: 1964 Price, queueing theory in the fast-time simulation of air traffic control, in Navigation. tushe
Sarƙoƙin kaya
Kayayyaki suna motsawa daga masu samarwa ta masana’antu, rumbuna da shaguna, da jinkiri da ƙarancin da suke dawowa sama a sarƙar.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Me ya sa ƙaramin canjin buƙata ke haifar da babban jujjuyawar samarwa a masana’anta?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka sake yin oda mai hankali; firgicin saye da ɓoye kaya suna karya samfurin.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar kamfani, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1958 Samfuran ayyukan masana’antu na Jay Forrester na jujjuyawar sarkar kayayyaki
Layukan samarwa
Injuna, ma’aikata, buffers da lalacewa a layin samarwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ina shinge yake, kuma sabuwar na’urar ta cancanci a saya?
Yana barin: Ana kimanta lalacewa da ba kasafai ba da abubuwan ɗan adam daga matsakaita.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta tsare-tsaren masana’anta, mintuna a kowane guduTun: 1961 Geoffrey Gordon's early discrete-event simulation language
Jerin gwano da tsarin sabis
Abokan ciniki ko fasinjoji suna zuwa, suna jira, ana yi musu hidima: filayen jirgi, cibiyoyin kira, tashoshin jirgin ruwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Teburori nawa muke buƙata don a riƙe jira ƙasa da minti goma?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka mutane suna kafa layi suna yin hali da ake iya hasashe; ainihin tsallake layi da barin sun bambanta.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1961 Zuwa 1961, kayan kwaikwayon discrete-event na gaba ɗaya sun fara yin samfurin layuka
Kwararar majinyata a asibiti
Majinyata suna motsawa ta sassan gaggawa, ɗakunan kwanciya, ɗakunan tiyata da sallama.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ina marasa lafiya ke jira, kuma me zai 'yantar da gadaje?
Yana barin: Ƙaruwa da ba kasafai ba, kamar al’amuran mutane da yawa da suka ji rauni, suna wajen tsarin su na yau da kullum.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta asibiti, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1965 Zuwa 1965, kwaikwayon discrete-event na farko na asibitocin marasa lafiya
Kwaikwayon rumbu da cibiyar rarrabawa
Robots, masu jigila, masu ɗauka da shiryayyun ajiya suna motsa kaya a rumbun ajiya.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin wannan rumbun ajiya zai iya ɗauka da aika oda da sauri isa a lokacin mafi girman buƙata?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka kayan aiki suna aiki kamar yadda aka ƙayyade; ainihin cunkoso da lalacewa sun fi wuyar hasashe gaba ɗaya.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar kamfanin sufuri da jigilar kaya, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1988 Zuwa 1988, kwaikwayon discrete-event na farko na rumbunan ajiya masu sarrafa kansu
Tsara hanyar isar da kaya ta ƙarshe
Motocin kai kaya da masu aika kaya ana tura su ta titunan birni don sauke fakiti da yawa cikin ƙaramin lokaci.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Menene mafi kyawun tsari da hanya don isar da komai yau?
Yana barin: Ainihin zirga-zirga, yanayi da isarwar da aka rasa suna canza tsari fiye da yadda samfurin ya ɗauka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar kamfanin kai kaya, mintuna ga hanyoyin yini ɗayaTun: 1964 maganin kwamfuta na farko ga matsalar tsara hanyoyin motoci
Kwaikwayon haɗarin jadawalin aiki
Ana ɗebo tsawon ayyuka bazuwar a hanyar sadarwar aiki don ba da yaɗuwar ranakun kammalawa, maimakon ƙiyasi guda na hanyar ayyuka mafi tsawo (critical path).
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Yaya yiwuwar aiki ya ƙare kafin ranar ƙarshe?
Yana barin: Ana zaton tsawon ayyuka masu zaman kansu ne, ko da yake ainihin jinkiri suna da alaƙa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 106 FLOPS kimanta kawai dubun dubatan zaɓen jadawali, masu sauƙin lissafi.Tun: 1963 Hanyoyin Monte Carlo na Van Slyke da matsalar PERT. tushe
Haɗin kan rundunar robot na rumbu
Ɗaruruwan robots masu motsi suna ɗaukar shiryayyu zuwa masu ɗauka, kuma ana yi wa hanyoyinsu, cunkoso da cajin kwaikwayo don tantance girman rundunar kafin a gina ta.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Robots nawa da wace ƙa’idojin hanya rumbun ajiya ke buƙata don aika oda mafi yawa?
Yana barin: Ainihin robots suna lalacewa, mutane suna aiki ba daidai ba kuma oda suna zuwa a bugu da wuya a hasashe.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki ga kowane tsari da ranar oda.Tun: 2008 D'Andrea's account of coordinating hundreds of autonomous vehicles in distribution facilities. tushe
Tagwayen dijital na sarƙoƙin kaya
Samfurin kai tsaye na masu samar da kamfani, masana’antu, kaya da jigilar kaya, ana ci gaba da daidaita shi da bayanansa, ana amfani da shi don gwada abin da cikas zai yi.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Idan tashar jirgin ruwa ko mai kawowa ya gaza gobe, har yaushe kafin shiryayyu su zama fanko kuma mene ne gyara mafi arha?
Yana barin: Bayanai daga masu samarwa bayan matakin farko yawanci ba su nan, don haka dogaro ɓoyayye ya kasance ɓoyayye.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1011 FLOPS kimanta kawai sa’o’i zuwa kwanaki a kan gungun kwamfutoci na girgije don yanayin rushewa da yawa.Tun: 2020 Tagwayen dijital na sarkar kayayyaki na Ivanov da Dolgui don sarrafa haɗarin rushewa da juriya. tushe
Kwaikwayon tashar kwantena
Jiragen ruwa, cranes, manyan motoci da tarin filin a tashar jirgin ruwa, tare da isowa da lokutan sabis na bazuwar, don gano inda kwantena ke jerin gwano da cranes nawa ake buƙata.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ina wannan tasha ke toshewa, kuma nawa ƙarin crane ko ƙofa ɗaya zai taimaka?
Yana barin: Lokutan isowar jirgin ruwa suna jinkiri da yanayi da tashoshin sama ta hanyoyin da suke da wuyar yin samfuri, kuma an sauƙaƙa shawarwarin tara a filin.
Yana gudana a: kusan 108 FLOPS kimanta kawai mintuna zuwa sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki.Tun: 1975 Borovits and Ein-Dor's computer simulation of a seaport container terminal. tushe
Kwaikwayon tsarin gini
Ma’aikata da injuna kamar manyan motoci, excavators da cranes suna aiki ta zagaye masu maimaitawa a wuri, da tsawon lokaci na bazuwar, don gano cikas da kuɗin aiki.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Manyan motoci nawa ga kowane na’urar tono za su gama aikin ƙasa da sauri?
Yana barin: Yanayi, lalacewa da bambancin mutane suna da wuyar sanyawa, don haka jadawalin yawanci yana da kyakkyawan fata fiye da kima.
Yana gudana a: kusan 106 FLOPS kimanta kawai daƙiƙu zuwa mintuna a kan laptop.Tun: 1977 Hanyar CYCLONE ta Halpin don yin samfurin ayyukan wurin gini. tushe
Layukan wutar lantarki
Samarwa, layuka da buƙata ana daidaita su daƙiƙa bayan daƙiƙa, har da yadda kasawa take yaɗuwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin layin wutar lantarki zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin iska da rana, kuma kasawa ɗaya za ta iya rufe yanki da duhu?
Yana barin: Gazawar jere da ba kasafai ba a layukan wuta da yawa da aka haɗa tana da wuyar hangowa gabaɗaya.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1014 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar cibiyar sarrafawa ta mai kula da layin wutar lantarki, daƙiƙu a kowane yanayiTun: 1956 Zuwa 1956, shirye-shiryen load-flow na dijital na farko sun maye gurbin masu nazarin hanyar sadarwa na zahiri
Hanyoyin sadarwar ruwa da magudanar ruwa
Ruwa yana kwarara ta bututu, famfo, magudanar najasa da ta ruwan sama.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin magudanan ruwa za su iya jure guguwa mai nauyi?
Yana barin: Bututun da suka tsufa da zubewa suna da wuyar sani daidai, don haka sakamako yana dogara da yanayin da aka ɗauka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta kamfanin ruwa, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1968 Zuwa 1968, samfuran ruwa na dijital na farko na hanyoyin sadarwar rarraba ruwa
Makamashin gini da hasken rana
Zafi, iska da haske a cikin gini a tsawon shekara guda na yanayi.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Nawa kuzari wannan ƙira za ta yi amfani da shi, kuma yana da daɗi a ciki?
Yana barin: Ainihin ɗabi’ar mazauna da wuya ta dace da jadawalin da aka ɗauka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta ofishin ƙira, mintuna zuwa awanni a kowane giniTun: 1977 shirye-shiryen makamashin gini na farko na Amurka bayan matsalar mai ta 1973
Dogaro da ababen more rayuwa a kan juna
Wutar lantarki, ruwa, sadarwa da sufuri suna haɗe, don haka gazawa a ɗaya tana yaɗuwa zuwa sauran.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Me ke kasawa na gaba idan wuta ta ƙare?
Yana barin: Yana buƙatar cikakken bayani kan kowane tsarin da aka haɗa, wanda da wuya a samu duka lokaci guda.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1014 FLOPS kimanta kawai gungun kwamfutoci na bincike, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 2001 Tsarin Rinaldi, Peerenboom da Kelly na ababen more rayuwa masu dogaro da juna
Kwaikwayon tattara shara da sarrafa ta
Manyan motoci suna tattara shara da abubuwan sake amfani a kan hanyoyi, sannan a rarraba a sarrafa a tashoshin sarrafawa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin za mu iya tattara dukan shara a kan lokaci, kuma ina ne ya kamata a sanya masana’antar sarrafawa ta gaba?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka gidaje suna raba shara daidai, wanda ba kullum suke yi ba.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta majalisar birni, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1974 Zuwa 1974, samfuran kwamfuta na farko na hanyoyin tattara shara na birni
Hanyoyin sadarwar dumama da sanyaya gundumomi
Ruwa mai zafi ko sanyi da ake kai ta bututu daga tashar tsakiya don ɗumama da sanyaya gine-gine da yawa lokaci guda.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin hanyar sadarwa za ta iya isar da isasshen zafi a ranar mafi sanyi ta shekara?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka bututu da famfo suna aiki kamar yadda aka tsara; ainihin hanyoyin sadarwa suna zubewa da cika da laka a shekaru goma-goma.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta injiniyan kamfanin sabis, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1979 Zuwa 1979, samfuran ruwa da zafi na farko na hanyoyin sadarwar dumama gundumomi
Canje-canjen lantarki-maganaɗisu na tsarin wutar lantarki
Ƙaruwar wutar lantarki da kwararar lantarki cikin sauri a layi, daga walƙiya, sauyawa da kasawa, ana bin su microsecond bayan microsecond don kare kayan aiki.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Me ke faruwa da hanyar sadarwar wuta a milisakan na farko na lalacewar layi ko walƙiya?
Yana barin: Ana yin samfurin layuka da kayan aiki da kimantawa masu dogaro da mita, kuma bayanan sassan galibi ba su cika ba.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai warware hanyar sadarwa a matakai na ƙasa da microsecond.Tun: 1969 Dommel's digital computer solution of electromagnetic transients in single- and multiphase networks. tushe
Samfuran tsara iyawar tsarin makamashi
Zaɓin tashoshin wutar lantarki, mai da hanyoyin sadarwa tsawon shekaru da dama da aka samu ta rage kuɗi ƙarƙashin iyakokin buƙata da fitarwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Wane gauraya na fasahohin makamashi ke biyan buƙata a mafi arha ƙarƙashin iyakar carbon?
Yana barin: Cikakken hangen nesa da zaton buƙata ƙayyadadde suna ba da sauye-sauye masu tsabta amma marasa gaskiya.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai manyan shirye-shiryen layi a tsawon shekaru da yankuna.Tun: 1981 Fishbone and Abilock's linear-programming model for energy systems analysis. tushe
Kasuwannin wutar lantarki na wakilai
Masu samar da wutar lantarki a matsayin wakilai masu daidaitawa da ke yin tayi a gwanjo, don gano yadda ƙa’idojin farashi, dabaru da ikon kasuwa ke tsara farashi.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin masu samar da wuta suna koyon ɗaga farashi a gwanjon wutar lantarki?
Yana barin: Ana ɗaukar ƙa’idojin koyon wakilai, kuma masu cinikin ɗan Adam ba su da sauƙi haka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 109 FLOPS kimanta kawai gudanarwar koyon wakilai da yawa.Tun: 2001 Bower and Bunn's experimental analysis of uniform-price versus discriminatory auctions in the England and Wales electricity market. tushe
Samfuran katsewar wutar lantarki mai bin juna
Layukan wuta suna fita ɗaya bayan ɗaya yayin da nauyi ke komawa kan sauran, ana kwaikwayo don gano yadda ƙananan lahani ke girma zuwa duhun yanki.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Yaya ƙaramar gazawa a layin wutar lantarki ke girma zuwa duhu gaba ɗaya?
Yana barin: An sauƙaƙa martanin masu aiki da saitin kariya, kuma rushewar jere-jere da ba kasafai ba tana buƙatar ɗaukar samfur mai yawa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 109 FLOPS kimanta kawai faɗuwar jere-jere ta Monte Carlo da yawa a kan samfurin grid.Tun: 2002 Carreras and colleagues' critical points and transitions in a power transmission model for cascading failure blackouts. tushe
Kwaikwayon haɗin gwiwa na wutar lantarki mai wayo
Hanyar sadarwar wuta, gidaje, batura, allunan hasken rana da masu sarrafa su ana kwaikwayon kowanne daban kuma a gudanar da su tare, don gwada yadda dukan tsarin ke aiki ƙarƙashin dabaru daban-daban.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Yaya tsarin sarrafa dubban batura na gidaje ke shafar layin wutar lantarki na yankin?
Yana barin: Ana wakiltar ɗabi’ar gidaje ta hanyar bayanan amfani na roba, waɗanda ke ƙyale amfani da ba kasafai ba da ke matsa wa layin wutar lantarki.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki don rana ɗaya ta gunduma.Tun: 2011 Tsarin mosaik na Schütte da abokan aikinsa don kwaikwayon sassan aiki a layukan wuta masu hankali. tushe
Sauye-sauyen hanyar sadarwar bututun iskar gas
Raƙuman matsin da kwarara a hanyar sadarwar bututu, compressors da bawul yayin da buƙata ke canzawa, don masu aiki su tsara samar da iskar gas kuma su ci gaba da motsa ta ba tare da yoyo ko ƙarancin ba.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Yaya matsin cikin hanyar sadarwar iskar gas zai amsa idan babban mai amfani ya kashe ko haɗin iskar ya canza?
Yana barin: Buƙata ba tabbatacciya ba ce kuma ana ɗaukar bututu a matsayin mai girma ɗaya, don haka tasirin gida a haɗin gwiwa an sauƙaƙa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 109 FLOPS kimanta kawai mintuna zuwa sa’o’i a kan kwamfutar aiki.Tun: 1970 Distefano's Pipetran program for simulating gas pipeline network dynamics. tushe
Tsara hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu
Siginar rediyo daga hasumiyoyin waya suna yaɗuwa a birni ko yanki, ana zana su da yawan kira da haɗin bayanai da kowace hasumiya dole ta ɗauka.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Ina ya kamata mast na gaba ya tafi, kuma masu kira za su sami sigina a can?
Yana barin: Ainihin gine-gine da yanayi suna watsa siginar rediyo ba tare da tabbaci ba fiye da yadda samfurin ƙasa ya ɗauka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar tsare-tsare ta kamfanin sadarwa, mintuna a kowane yankiTun: 1978 Zuwa 1978, kayan tsara kewayen hanyar sadarwar wayar salula da iyawa na farko
Juriyar tsakiyar intanet da kebul
Hanyoyin bayanai a kan haɗin bayan intanet da igiyoyin ƙarƙashin teku, ana gwada su da katsewa da dakatarwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Idan wannan kebul ko wurin musayar ya gaza, haɗin wane ne zai ɓace?
Yana barin: Ainihin shawarwarin hanya yayin ɓacewar wuta suna dogara da yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci da samfurin ba ya gani.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar bincike ko ta kamfanin sadarwa, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1995 Zuwa 1995, nazarin farko na kasawar hanyar intanet da juriya
Kwaikwayon wurin cibiyar bayanai
Uwar garke, tsarin sanyaya da hanyoyin wuta a cikin cibiyar bayanai, an daidaita su da ayyukan lissafi da suke gudanarwa.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin wannan cibiyar bayanai za ta kasance mai sanyi da wuta yayin da muke ƙara sabar?
Yana barin: Ainihin kayan aiki suna tsufa da gazawa ta hanyoyin da samfuran matsakaita ke sassautawa.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar mai gudanarwa da kansa, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 1999 Zuwa 1999, samfuran computational fluid dynamics na farko na sanyaya cibiyar bayanai
Kwaikwayon gungun tauraron ɗan adam na broadband
Ɗaruruwa ko dubban tauraron ɗan adam suna motsawa a kewayawa, suna mika sigina tsakaninsu da kuma ƙasa ga masu amfani.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin wannan tarin tauraron ɗan adam zai iya ba kowa a ƙasa haɗi mai sauri, tsayayye?
Yana barin: Ainihin yanayi, ƙasa da tsangwama suna yanke rufewar da siffa kaɗai ke hasashe.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1013 FLOPS kimanta kawai gungun kwamfutoci na tsara na mai gudanarwa, awanni a kowane yanayiTun: 1997 Zuwa 1997, kwaikwayon zagaye da kewayo na farko na hanyoyin sadarwar wayar tauraron ɗan adam
Injiniyancin zirga-zirgar sadarwa
Kira da haɗin bayanai suna zuwa bazuwar, ana ƙididdige girmansu da layuka da kayan da ake da su don ɗaukar su.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Da’irori ko tashoshi nawa muke buƙata kafin masu kira su fara samun siginar aiki?
Yana barin: Yana ɗauka masu zuwa bazuwar ne kuma masu zaman kansu, wanda yake rushewa a babban taron tarayya.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1011 FLOPS kimanta kawai kwamfutar tebur ta kamfanin sadarwa, daƙiƙu a kowane yanayiTun: 1917 Agner Krarup Erlang's traffic theory for telephone exchanges
Kwaikwayon hanyar sadarwar na’urorin ji ta birni mai wayo
Dubban ƙananan na’urorin ji a ko’ina cikin birni suna ba da rahoton zirga-zirga, ingancin iska, ruwa ko hasken wuta ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin isassun karatun na’urorin ji za su isa, kuma batura za su ɗauki tsawon lokaci nawa?
Yana barin: Ainihin firikwensin suna karkacewa, suna gazawa ba tare da sanarwa ba kuma suna faɗuwa daga hanyar sadarwa fiye da yadda samfurin ya ɗauka.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1012 FLOPS kimanta kawai sabar sashen IT na birni, mintuna a kowane yanayiTun: 2010 Zuwa 2010, nazarin kwaikwayo na farko na hanyoyin sadarwar firikwensin mara waya na girman birni
Samfuran yaɗuwar tsutsar intanet
Masu masauki na kwaikwayo a hanyar sadarwa suna kamuwa da lambar da ke yaɗa kanta, ta amfani da dabarun duba da aka auna da iyakar bandwidth.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Yaya sauri tsutsar kwamfuta za ta iya cutar da intanet mai rauni?
Yana barin: Ana ɗaukar tsaro da saurin gyara.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai Gudu irin na annoba marasa buƙatar lissafi mai yawaTun: 2002 How to 0wn the Internet in your spare time (2002) tushe
Kwaikwayon hanyar sadarwar ababen hawa
Motoci suna musayar saƙonni yayin da na’urar kwaikwayon zirga-zirgar hanya take motsa su, don gwada gargaɗin karo da tafiya cikin jeri ta rediyo.
Tambayar da yake amsawa: Shin motoci za su musanya gargaɗi da aminci yayin tuƙi?
Yana barin: Ana kimanta inuwar rediyo ta wasu ababen hawa da gine-gine kawai.
Yana gudana a: kusan 1010 FLOPS kimanta kawai na’urorin kwaikwayon zirga-zirga da fakiti da aka haɗa.Tun: 2011 Hanyar sadarwa da kwaikwayon zirga-zirgar hanya da aka haɗa ta bangarori biyu na Sommer, German da Dressler. tushe